Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have a higher incidence of metabolic risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH), abdominal adiposity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) when compared with their non-diabetic peers. Moreover, metabolic risk factors seem to appear even in T1DM girls without overweight or obesity. We aimed to determine the prevalence of several metabolic risk factors in adolescent T1DM females, ...

Introduction: There is circumstantial evidence supporting a role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the development and progression of tumors. Endosalpingiosis is characterized by the presence of non-neoplastic fallopion tube-like epithelium in ectopic anatomical locations.Case report: A 45-year-old woman presented with a constant moderate to intense perianal pain limiting basic daily life activities. She also complained about pain at ...

Background: Children who were born small for gestational age (SGA) and who do not have adequate catch-up growth until 4 years old have indication for treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). The metabolic consequences of this treatment are relatively unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of rhGH treatment on insulin sensitivity and lipid profile.Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study of child...

Introduction: Although thyroid nodules (TN) are less common in children than in adults, the risk of malignancy is much higher in pediatric age and therefore representing greater concern in this age group.Objective: Evaluate a cohort of pediatric patients with TN and search differences between subjects with malignant and benign TN regarding sex, age, compressive symptoms, cervical ultrasound characteristics, family history of differentiated thyroid cancer...

Background: Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody specific for human PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1), a checkpoint molecule highly expressed in several cancers. Nivolumab is an immunotherapeutic strategy for human cancer, but it can interfere with endocrine system.Case reports: We report four cases regarding nivolumab-associated endocrinopathies: (i) Male, 55-year-old, with previous normal cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, treat...

Introduction: During childhood and puberty, growth hormone(GH) is essential for linear growth. Consequently, children with isolated GH deficiency(GHD) must receive replacement therapy. GH has also important metabolic actions. GHD in adults is associated with altered body composition. However, long-term consequences of GH treatment in adults is not sufficiently known.Objective: To evaluate GH treatment during pediatric age in patients with isolated GHD.</...

Background: Hypomagnesemia is common in patients with diabetes; possibly due to higher renal magnesium excretion in those patients. Hypomagnesemia seems to correlate with poor glycaemic control. The relationship between urinary magnesium (UMg) and glycaemic control is not known. We aimed to study the association between UMg and glycaemic control in a type 1 diabetes (T1D) pediatric population.Methods: Study of a pediatric population with T1D attending th...

Introduction: The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome is often challenging considering that none of the used laboratory tests has an ideal diagnostic accuracy. The complexity of the diagnosis increases in cyclic disorder, which is characterized by repeated episodes of cortisol excess followed by periods of normal cortisol secretion.Case report: A 32-year-old woman with history of arterial hypertension and obesity presented with weight gain, hirsutism, a...

Background: The key physiologic defences against hypoglycaemia are the decrease in insulin and the increased secretion of glucose counterregulatory hormones, namely glucagon and epinephrine. The absence of warning signs of impending neuroglycopenia is known as hypoglycaemic unawareness.Case report: Male, 26 year-old, without relevant medical history and with normal body mass index, presented with hypertension, palpitations and diaphoresis. Clinical suspi...

8-year-old girl is referred to a Pediatric Endocrinologist for the appearance of thelarche, first noted at 6.5 years. She had a relevant clinical history of a neonatal meningitis, requiring prolonged hospitalization and the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt. On physical examination, she had breast development and dark, coarse pubic hair compatible with Tanner stage 3. She weighed 32.3 kg (percentile – Pc- 75–90), her height was 128 cm (Pc 50) and her annual growth ...